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In September 2006, I had the pleasure of reading about Rutgers University's Food Innovation Center in its publication: The Innovator.
I sent them the following email [to which I have had no reply]:
"I had the pleasure of reviewing subject newsletter. Nicely done; however, the section on page 7 entitled: "Mark-Ups and Margins in Produce and Food Distribution" might be misleading to the food entrepreneur.
Since the proven vehicle for entry level food marketing in the U.S. is the specialty food industry, and since most new products (from the non mainstream food producers such as General Foods) are introduced this way, pricing is based on margins not mark ups.
Establishing a selling price does not come from the cost-side of the calculation, but the market side: What do other similar products to the one being introduced cost at retail? If the retailer assumed margin is 40% and the new product is sold for $4.99, the retailer wants to pay $2.99 After freight (distribution) that might yield the manufacturer $2.80, for example. Minus the cost of the shipping carton, container, ingredients, label and overhead. Profit or loss? The “working-back from the market” method is much more realistic. If the packer can't make money at the $4.99 level, he/she can propose to the retailer a $5.99 SRP.
For example, if the new product exwarehouse cost is 1.00 and you want to add in 5% for broker fee, then you will divide the 1.00 by 95 = 1.05. BUT, you do this AFTER you add in your profit because the broker gets paid 5% of the price to the distributor.
New Product X:
Exwarehouse = 1.98
Profit margin (25%+5% for broker) = 0.80 Price to Distributor = 2.78 Distributor profit margin (30%) = 1.19 Price to Retailer = 3.97 Retailer profit margin (40%) = 2.65 Price to Consumer = 6.62
See the difference between "margin" and "mark up?"
To confuse the issue, you can work with "mark ups," especially if you are comparing to the mass market (slotting allowances and all). You must determine how the mainstream groceries of the world are pricing competing products. Otherwise, you will find your costs off base. Ask distributors what they do. Ask retailers what they do. If your best prospects are in the mass market, then go for the mark-ups instead of the margins.
You may want to have a look at the pricing section in my book: From Kitchen to Market. - Selling Your Gourmet Food Specialty for more detail (4th Edition, Kaplan Publishing, Chicago).
I welcome your comments and would be happy to amplify any of this."
Comments, anyone?
sfh |